Showing posts with label Jane Harman. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Jane Harman. Show all posts

December 25, 2007

More on HR 1955 and S.1959 - Are you scheduled for political termination??

U.S. | Police State and Prisons

Are You Scheduled for Political-Termination? HR 1955 & S.1959
by Ross Stone
Monday Dec 24th, 2007 4:48 PM
Stop the “The Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act."

Could be used by Government to add thousands of activist organizations and millions of Americans to no travel lists.
Starting February 2008, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will put into effect “Advance Passenger Information System (APIS).” U.S. Citizens will need permission from the United States Government to travel on air and sea vessels from or through the U.S. That includes foreign visitors.

The Nazis in 1933 invoked similar cross border travel measures against Germans Citizens who tried to leave the country. Unlike America, Germany wasn't building a huge fence on its border that could contain its Citizens. Subsequently Nazi police started checking Citizens' ID Cards when traveling on local bus and passenger trains. Police selectively targeted known political and labor activists, and persons of interest. The police delighted in stopping targeted persons from traveling to work so they would lose their employment. The Gestapo referred to this as the "Don't Live List." Beginning February 8, 2008, U.S. Government 's issuance of " right to travel passes" will mirror Nazi' travel-restrictions if the United States is allowed to stop U.S. Citizens using air and sea travel without evidence they committed a crime.

Perhaps by coincidence, Rep. Jane Harman’s current bill HR1955 “The Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act" and S.1959 would create a “new government commission” with the power to determine which Americans and Organizations are "ideologically based toward violence", promote or support "Violent Radicalization or Homegrown Terrorism.” Several vague provisions in HR 1955 and S.1959 such as “facilitate” could be used by Government to add thousands of activist organizations and millions of Americans to no travel lists. Anyone attending a "planned anti war rally" or environmental meeting could under these two bills be alleged as “facilitators” to promote violence or planing to coerce a government and its people.

Joining or contributing money to an organization that is subsequently deemed by the “new government commission” as "ideologically based toward violence" might get a lawful Citizen on a corporate or government no hire black list.

How the Nazis expanded its “Don’t Live List.”

After thousands of Germans were prohibited from leaving Germany, the Nazi Government ordered landlords not to harbor or rent to Jews, anyone the Nazis said were on their black list. Soon targeted citizens and several ethic groups had no employment, no place to live except the street. Displaced and starving these citizens were easily arrested for loitering and under broad provisions of “1933 German Discriminatory Decrees” that are too similar to provisions found in the Patriot Act.

December 23, 2007

Thought Control on the Internet: HR 1955, Senate 1959

By an Overwhelming Majority Congress Brings You...

Thought Control on the Internet

By Michael Collins
Scoop Independent News
Washington, D.C.
Part 1

Cracking the Code – Who's to Blame for "Violent Radicalization"?

The Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007 passed the U.S. House of Representatives by a 404 to 6 vote on Oct. 23. Not since the Iraq War Resolution have Democrats and Republicans found such a unifying cause. We're told that House Resolution 1955 (H.R. 1955) will be an essential tool enabling law enforcement to peg the sources of "homegrown terrorism" on the Internet.

The overwhelming bipartisan support makes it no surprise that the legislation presents a significant danger to citizens and the nation. This sentence is the new heart of darkness for free speech.

(2) VIOLENT RADICALIZATION - The term `violent radicalization' means the process of adopting or promoting an extremist belief system for the purpose of facilitating ideologically based violence to advance political, religious, or social change. (Author's emphasis) (House Resolution 1955)

That one word, "facilitating," takes the bill beyond aiding the hunt for terrorists on the Internet. It creates an emerging standard for wrongdoing that can be applied to everyone who exercises net-based free speech. Senate 1959, the equivalent of H.R. 1955, is up for consideration now.

Here are some scenarios under the bill that could easily be called "thought crimes", i.e., "facilitating violent radicalization."

You post one of these statements on the Internet …

  • You are extremely upset about what you see as the nation's most serious problem – illegal immigration. You go to your Internet forum of choice and write a barn burner stating clearly that this administration and Congress are attacking the nation, breaking laws, and a threat to the safety of the people.
  • You find the deaths of American soldiers and 1.1 million Iraqi civilians totally unacceptable. You go to your Internet forum of choice and write a very strong post accusing the president and his henchmen with war crimes.
  • You're a former Reagan official, a "paleo-conservative." You argue that this administration's behavior represents tyrannical rule. You write a column published on the Internet where you ask questions about 911: "Who benefits? This question was conspicuously absent from the official investigation." You answer by naming Bush, Cheney, the Federalist Society and others.
  • You question the collapse of the WTC towers and conclude by arguing that a major casualty of 911"is the civil liberties that protect Americans from tyranny. President Bush and his corrupt Department of Justice (sic) have declared our constitutional protections to be null and void at the whim of the executive." Paul Craig Roberts, Sept. 10, 2007

… and a terrorist reads it. That terrorist subsequently commits a violent act. You don't know the person. You're not affiliated with him or her in any way. You don't advocate violence in your post nor do you approve of violence to achieve political goals.

None of that matters. You can be accused of facilitating "violent radicalization," which this bill specifically implies can be an outcome of flagrant opposition to the administration, even though you really just oppose the current or any future office holders. You're busted!

The scenario just mentioned is an outcome of H.R. 1955 and the yet-to-be-passed equivalent Senate Resolution 1959.

Rep. Harman's House committee just released a commentary on H.R. 1955, apparently to stem concerns about their intentions. On the opening page, the report states:

This legislation in no way restricts thought or speech. Both of these are legal activities that should be encouraged by all segments of our society and are welcomed in our system of open debate and dialogue. Radical thinking is not a crime and this legislation does not turn radical thinking into criminal behavior.

The next article on this topic will consider the full report. This language and today's report are no more convincing than the section of the bill on preserving civil rights. The actual language and evidence used to justify it are the critical concerns. The report does nothing to change those concerns other than to heighten concerns recalling Queen Gertrude's line in Hamlet: "The lady doth protest too much, methinks."

Congressional hearing: "…these are conspiracy theories…" and apparently "extremist belief systems."

Rep. Jane Harman (D-CA) is the chair of the House subcommittee that held hearings on H. R. 1955 (Full video) on Nov. 6, 2007. The bill had already passed in the House by a lopsided vote of 404 to 6 on Oct. 23, 2007. The committee met for just over an hour to consider this complex subject. During the testimony, "think tank" activists portrayed the Internet as a vehicle capable of whipping domestic extremists into a violent frenzy.

Mark Weitzman (right), of the Simon Wiesenthal Center lumped those who question official doctrine on post-2000 foul-ups with "pro-Iraqi" insurgents, a remarkable claim not supported by any evidence. That's right, by heavy-handed inference, those who seriously doubt the official explanation of 911 and speak up may be part of the domestic groups guilty of "adopting and promoting and extremist belief system." The witness said

Some of these are conspiracy theories that present a closed view of the world, such as blaming 9/11 as an "outside job" or blaming outside groups such as the U.S. government, or er the Jews etc.; some of these are pro-Iraqi insurgency videos, some of them are media portals that people can enter into, ones that you saw earlier with the flags -- the U.S. flags show that thy were based on U.S. servers..." (Video at 1:20)

Weitzman's testimony was disorganized and not at all persuasive. However, by his words, he associated "pro-Iraqi insurgency" with those who question the official story of 911. Weitzman then showed slides referencing Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth (Video at 5:10) among slides noting real terrorist groups.

The architects and engineers are professionals who list their names and locations on the Web site referenced above. The group seeks scientific inquiry and investigation. The only conflict that they advocate is an open debate on the science of the official 911 story.

Weitzman failed to mention growing public opinion indicating that 45% of citizens want 911 reinvestigated and that nearly as many, 42%, doubt the official version explaining the events of 911.

Political activists with strong stands against the administration and Congress understood what this attack on an activist group might mean to their efforts. This resulted in immediate outrage on both right and left.

The Senate version of this bill was the subject of a committee hearing chaired by Sen. Joe Lieberman (I-CT) in April. This barely caused a stir. But Harman's maladroit witness created a major controversy in October of this year.

H.R. 1955 authorizes structure to study "homegrown terrorism" and report back to Congress. Aside from the brief "definitions" and "findings" sections, just a few lines, the bill focuses on creating a commission which will, in turn, establish centers of "excellence" to study the supposed phenomenon. Reading the title then the timelines for reporting raises a serious question. If this is such a serious problem, how can Congress wait the 18 months the commission has to make its report?

The architects and engineers group sent a lengthy demand for an apology to Weitzman, noting the stunning inappropriateness of associating their group with any who advocate violence. In his reply, Weitzman backed away from any direct accusation but offered no apology.

We know how the game is played, don't we? It's a very crude but effective form of guilt by association and it works. Bush did it before the Iraq invasion by mentioning 911 and Saddam Hussein's name in the same speech over and over. This caused many to believe Hussein was responsible for 911 and justifying their support for the invasion. When you're caught you just say, "I never said that!" By that time, the damage is done.
.
Who's Really Behind "Violent Radicalization?"

The irony of all this is that those who would fit this definition most clearly, "facilitating violent radicalization," are the architects of the Iraq war and those in Congress who provide ongoing support through funding.

Here are the inevitable, empirically verified steps to radicalize individuals and groups. Initiate trade sanctions against a nation resulting in the death of 300,000 or more children. Then attack that nation because it has weapons of mass destruction (WMD), which are never found, thus negating the rationale for war. Create and implement a policy that shows disregard to for the safety of its people and their national treasures. Torture and humiliate citizens. And all the while, prolong the conflict even though the war is responsible for the death of over 1.1 million civilians.

Aren't these the type of actions that would surely "facilitate violent radicalization?" Even with all this, there has been no documented "homegrown terrorism" as a result of political posts on the Internet. However, there can be little doubt that this administration's war on Iraq is the proximate cause explaining whatever potential exists.

What's Congress Up To?

Clearly law enforcement needs to go where criminals congregate and needs to investigate, and make arrests. With or without this law, domestic and international criminals will continue to use the Internet for their goals and law enforcement will pursue them.

This bill seems more about those who harshly criticize those in power, elected officials.
Viewed from that perspective, there are at least two goals for this legislation:

1) Chill domestic free speech by loyal, law abiding individuals or as the authors might have thought: "We're sick and tired of all these letters and accusations. Let's give them something to think about for a change. Whenever they make these accusations, they'll have to think about being tagged as a terrorist supporter."

2) Provide a tool to defame those who get too far out of line. They now have words to use against those Internet "trouble causers" who demand impeachment, say Congress is grossly negligent, call the war a travesty, etc., or as they might have thought: We'll be able to use 'facilitating homegrown terrorism' to shut down these people whenever we want. Who wants to even log on to a site that's associated with helping terrorists? All we have to do is make the charge."

H.R.1955 is an affront to the intelligence of all citizens. It's a disgrace to those who conceived it and serious mistake by those who voted for it. A majority of citizens now know the big lies about the Iraq War. They're also smart enough to know nonsense legislation with stealth intentions of a controlling kind, if they ever get to hear the full story.

There is still a last minute chance to stop this in the Senate (S. 1959). The Senate "thought crimes" bill may be camouflaged in some other legislation, never debated, and passed before we know it. But feedback tells the Senate that the public is aware of this latest step to dismantle Constitutional rights in the name of antiterrorism.

The Loyal Opposition

There was opposition to this bill that also constituted a bipartisan coalition. The following six U.S. Representatives voted no in the face of assured criticism by their opponents in 2008 and no discernible political gain.


Voted "Nay" (no) on H. R. 1955
Neil Abercrombie (D-HI), Jerry Costello (D-IL), John Duncan (R-TN),
Jeff Flake (R-AZ), Dennis Kucinich (D-OH), Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA)
What disturbs me most about this legislation is that it leaves the door wide open for the broadest definition of what constitutes "radicalization." Could otherwise nonviolent anti-tax, anti-war, or anti-abortion groups fall under the watchful eye of this new government commission? Assurances otherwise in this legislation are unconvincing. Ron Paul (R-TX)

“If you understand what his bill does, it really sets the stage for further criminalization of protest. This is the way our democracy little, by little, by little, is being stripped away from us.”

"It probably should have been H.R. 1984. Because what they were doing... is they were trying to criminalize thought... Dennis Kucinich (D-OH)

ENDS

Pending: S. 1959 Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007

U.S. Senate Contact Information

Passed 404-6: H.R. 1955 Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007

Understanding H.R. 1955: The Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007 Majority Staff, Committee on Homeland Security, Dec. 17, 2007

*************

Permission to reproduce in whole or part with attribution of authorship and a link to this article


Dec. 19, 2007


Right now, the Senate is considering S. 1959, a replica of H.R. 1955, the thought control bill that passed the House 404 to 6! Both House and Senate bills are called "The Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007"

We have a chance to derail this ill conceived mess. Obama has backed away from reflexive support for the bill and is now neutral. Calling and emailing your two U.S. Senators is a high impact move right now. (Senate Directory) http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm

If you're really motivated, here are the names for the Senate committee members. http://hsgac.senate.gov/index.cfm?Fuseaction=About.Membership

They can all reflect on your calls after they end work for the year on Friday.

While these bills claim to work against "homegrown" terrorists, the real outcome is a chilling effect on Internet free speech and political activity. The bill is a set up to tag any political "undesirable" as "facilitating violent radicalization" simply on the basis of one's vehemence in opposing the administration. Rep. Harman's House subcommittee proved this by defaming 911 Truth and anti immigration groups by including them in a presentation on "pro Iraqi insurgency" groups. Who's next?

The first article is a take on the real dangers of this legislation. We are the target. The second article is a response to the just issued House Committee on Homeland Security staff document defending H.R. 1955.

Permission is granted to reproduce in whole or part with attribution of authorship and a link to the original source.

Please repost this if you are so inclined. Cheers and enjoy the holidays - all of them.

Congress Brings Thought Control to the Internet (excerpt below) http://www.apj.us/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=941&Itemid=2

"This bill seems more about those who harshly criticize those in power, elected officials.

Viewed from that perspective, there are at least two goals for this legislation:

1. Chill domestic free speech by loyal, law abiding individuals or as the authors might have thought: 'We're sick and tired of all these letters and accusations. Let's give them something to think about for a change. Whenever they make these accusations, they'll have to think about being tagged as a terrorist supporter.'

2. Provide a tool to defame those who get too far out of line. They now have words to use against those Internet "trouble causers" who demand impeachment, say Congress is grossly negligent, call the war a travesty, etc., or as they might have thought, …"

Internet Control Bill Under Fire (excerpt below) http://tinyurl.com/283ed5

"The claim that this is not "Internet censorship" is myth propagated by the Committee, subcommittee, and their supporters. Right now, the bill creates a standard for "facilitating violent radicalization" that could include many individuals and groups on the Internet who simply despise the Bush - Cheney administration and hold Congress in extreme contempt.
"If Congress is looking for the cause of "violent radicalization," it need look no further than 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and within its own chambers. Wasn't it the White House that proposed the Iraq War Resolution and the Congress ...

http://tinyurl.com/4j6g

passed it?!!

http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2002/roll455.xml

Are they not responsible for the incredible brutality of the war on Iraq, the clear cause of the severe hostility toward the United States?"

December 14, 2007

digg comments on impeachment and Pelosi in the PAST 12 hours!!

Please act today to start your letter writing to your state legislators re impeachment!! Just do a search on Impeachment Toolkit here on this blog to get going!

Also write the ACLU and tell them you are fed up with THEIR attitude!! Ditto Jonathan Turley.

Veeger

John Nirenberg On the Road to Oust Bush

westport-news.com — Update on the travels of John Nirenberg. Still no word on whether Pelosi will see him when he arrives to talk to her about impeachment.More… (Political News)

Comments About : Bush Vetoes Children's Health Insurance

bestamericanhospital.blogspot.… — Bush vetoed the first bill in October, and an override attempt failed, even though the bill won big majorities and had significant bipartisan support in both the House and Senate. Congressional negotiators then crafted a second version to address objections by Bush and some Republican lawmakers. Says House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.): More… (Political News)

Silent No More

innerlightdesign.com — A poignant letter written to Senators John Cornyn and Kay Bailey Hutchinson, as well as Representative Lamar Smith in the House regarding the impeachment of Dick Cheney and George Bush. Other letters posted as well.More… (Political Opinion)

Pelosi: "Republicans Like War!"

breitbart.com — House Speaker Nancy Pelosi lashed out at Republicans on Thursday, saying they want the Iraq war to drag on and are ignoring the public's priorities. "They like this war. They want this war to continue," Pelosi, told reporters. She then added "we don't like war which is why we want to unconditionally surrender..."More… (Political News)

Pelosi says Republicans 'like this war'

rawstory.com — House Speaker Nancy Pelosi lashed out at Republicans on Thursday, saying they want the Iraq war to drag on and are ignoring the public's priorities. "They like this war. They want this war to continue," Pelosi, D-Calif., told reporters. More… (Political News)

Why impeachment is off the table.

opednews.com — Well maybe it is a little clearer why the first thing Pelosi did after she became speaker of the house was to take impeachment off the table. It would seem to appear that impeachment hearings would have (and hopefully will) implicate her as well; Good riddance to one of the worst Speakers the Dems have ever had.More… (Political News)

Democrats Blaming Each Other For Failures

washingtonpost.com — When Democrats took control of Congress in January, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) and Senate Majority Leader Harry M. Reid (D-Nev.) pledged to jointly push an ambitious agenda to counter 12 years of Republican control.More… (Political News)

The Law and Pelosi -- Total Strangers

mparent7777-2.blogspot.com — Monday, December 10, 2007 Bad news for Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi. Not only is she catching heat for taking impeachment "off the table," but she's now been exposed as being complicit in one of the Bush administration's crimes. More… (Political News)

Pelosi and Harman Aided and Abetted 9/11 Cover Up

georgewashington.blogspot.com — House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi is blocking efforts to impeach Bush and Cheney, or to take any other real steps to save America. One of the grounds for impeachment is that the government made.More… (Political News)

If You Want Children's Health Insurance, Try Impeachment

rawstory.com — Since President Bush has vetoed children's health insurance funded by a cigarette tax again, Rep. Wexler wants an idea which combines two great ideas: children's health insurance and presidential impeachment.More… (Political News)

December 09, 2007

waterboarding; the CONgress gets defensive. Pelosi KNEW

Coupla things: One is remember that the ever-lovely Ms. Harmon is the the one bringing you HR 1955, the WOOOOOOOOOONderful bill proposing thought crimes. Obviously, obviously some political hay is being reaped here by making Pelosi look bad - as Ms. Harmon was the one blocked as House Leader by Pelosi.

Two, torture is torture. Rationalizing war crimes as Oh! we was SCARED! dont' cut it. It is a WAR CRIME, and what's more it just is not NOT NICE. The US government's little puppet John Yoo has admitted they can do virtually anything to anyone on executive order short of killing them while torturing - it's okay though if they die later from the torture (harsh interrogation! give me a friggin break.) And CONgress knew this, the knew all about unitary executive, they knew all about Rumsfield's direct directives and they knew the Geneva conventions. God, I have such little patience with all these friggin operators and COLLABORATORS.

Since September 11th was gone, then justifying fear (as it wasn't done DURING 9/11 but after) someone, just someone, could have proposed having saner headz, but I guess that is expecting too much from these dunderheads and those intent at making America so fearsome, so loathsome, no despicable act done in "the name of the AMERICAN PEOPLE at taxpayer expense" could possibly be overlooked. Keep funding away, CONgress! Make sure the torturers can keep up the "good work".

All the politics are just so baffling as America goes down in flames. And it could get less than figurative and get real literal soon if the political gaming doesn't stop soon.

And as I've advised, do keep your eyes peeled on the moves of Jay Rockefeller as CONgress gets more and more scared as the days tick by .. Oh, he'll be right in there stirring up the pot to come out as the HERO!


Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002

In Meetings, Spy Panels' Chiefs Did Not Protest, Officials Say

Washington Post Staff Writers

In September 2002, four members of Congress met in secret for a first look at a unique CIA program designed to wring vital information from reticent terrorism suspects in U.S. custody. For more than an hour, the bipartisan group, which included current House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), was given a virtual tour of the CIA's overseas detention sites and the harsh techniques interrogators had devised to try to make their prisoners talk.

Among the techniques described, said two officials present, was waterboarding, a practice that years later would be condemned as torture by Democrats and some Republicans on Capitol Hill. But on that day, no objections were raised. Instead, at least two lawmakers in the room asked the CIA to push harder, two U.S. officials said.

"CIA Director Michael V. Hayden said in an interview two months ago that he had informed congressional overseers of
" all="" aspects="" of="" the="" detention="" and="" interrogation="" align="top" border="0" height="190" width="110" />

"The briefer was specifically asked if the methods were tough enough," said a U.S. official who witnessed the exchange.

Congressional leaders from both parties would later seize on waterboarding as a symbol of the worst excesses of the Bush administration's counterterrorism effort. The CIA last week admitted that videotape of an interrogation of one of the waterboarded detainees was destroyed in 2005 against the advice of Justice Department and White House officials, provoking allegations that its actions were illegal and the destruction was a coverup.

Yet long before "waterboarding" entered the public discourse, the CIA gave key legislative overseers about 30 private briefings, some of which included descriptions of that technique and other harsh interrogation methods, according to interviews with multiple U.S. officials with firsthand knowledge.

With one known exception, no formal objections were raised by the lawmakers briefed about the harsh methods during the two years in which waterboarding was employed, from 2002 to 2003, said Democrats and Republicans with direct knowledge of the matter. The lawmakers who held oversight roles during the period included Pelosi and Rep. Jane Harman (D-Calif.) and Sens. Bob Graham (D-Fla.) and John D. Rockefeller IV (D-W.Va.), as well as Rep. Porter J. Goss (R-Fla.) and Sen. Pat Roberts (R-Kan).

Individual lawmakers' recollections of the early briefings varied dramatically, but officials present during the meetings described the reaction as mostly quiet acquiescence, if not outright support. "Among those being briefed, there was a pretty full understanding of what the CIA was doing," said Goss, who chaired the House intelligence committee from 1997 to 2004 and then served as CIA director from 2004 to 2006. "And the reaction in the room was not just approval, but encouragement."


Congressional officials say the groups' ability to challenge the practices was hampered by strict rules of secrecy that prohibited them from being able to take notes or consult legal experts or members of their own staffs. And while various officials have described the briefings as detailed and graphic, it is unclear precisely what members were told about waterboarding and how it is conducted. Several officials familiar with the briefings also recalled that the meetings were marked by an atmosphere of deep concern about the possibility of an imminent terrorist attack.

"In fairness, the environment was different then because we were closer to Sept. 11 and people were still in a panic,"
said one U.S. official present during the early briefings.
"But there was no objecting, no hand-wringing. The attitude was,
'We don't care what you do to those guys as long as you get the information you need to protect the American people.' "

Only after information about the practice began to leak in news accounts in 2005 -- by which time the CIA had already abandoned waterboarding -- did doubts about its legality among individual lawmakers evolve into more widespread dissent. The opposition reached a boiling point this past October, when Democratic lawmakers condemned the practice during Michael B. Mukasey's confirmation hearings for attorney general.

GOP lawmakers and Bush administration officials have previously said members of Congress were well informed and were supportive of the CIA's use of harsh interrogation techniques. But the details of who in Congress knew what, and when, about waterboarding -- a form of simulated drowning that is the most extreme and widely condemned interrogation technique -- have not previously been disclosed.

U.S. law requires the CIA to inform Congress of covert activities and allows the briefings to be limited in certain highly sensitive cases to a "Gang of Eight," including the four top congressional leaders of both parties as well as the four senior intelligence committee members. In this case, most briefings about detainee programs were limited to the "Gang of Four," the top Republican and Democrat on the two committees. A few staff members were permitted to attend some of the briefings.

That decision reflected the White House's decision that the "enhanced interrogation" program would be treated as one of the nation's top secrets for fear of warning al-Qaeda members about what they might expect, said U.S. officials familiar with the decision. Critics have since said the administration's motivation was at least partly to hide from view an embarrassing practice that the CIA considered vital but outsiders would almost certainly condemn as abhorrent.

Information about the use of waterboarding nonetheless began to seep out after a furious internal debate among military lawyers and policymakers over its legality and morality. Once it became public, other members of Congress -- beyond the four that interacted regularly with the CIA on its most sensitive activities -- insisted on being briefed on it, and the circle of those in the know widened.

In September 2006, the CIA for the first time briefed all members of the House and Senate intelligence committees, producing some heated exchanges with CIA officials, including Director Michael V. Hayden. The CIA director said during a television interview two months ago that he had informed congressional overseers of "all aspects of the detention and interrogation program." He said the "rich dialogue" with Congress led him to propose a new interrogation program that President Bush formally announced over the summer

"I can't describe that program to you,"
Hayden said.
"But I would suggest to you that it would be wrong to assume that the program of the past is necessarily the program moving forward into the future.
Waterboarding Used on at Least 3


Waterboarding as an interrogation technique has its roots in some of history's worst totalitarian nations, from Nazi Germany and the Spanish Inquisition to North Korea and Iraq. In the United States, the technique was first used five decades ago as a training tool to give U.S. troops a realistic sense of what they could expect if captured by the Soviet Union or the armies of Southeast Asia. The U.S. military has officially regarded the tactic as torture since the Spanish-American War.

In general, the technique involves strapping a prisoner to a board or other flat surface, and then raising his feet above the level of his head. A cloth is then placed over the subject's mouth and nose, and water is poured over his face to make the prisoner believe he is drowning.

U.S. officials knowledgeable about the CIA's use of the technique say it was used on three individuals -- Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the alleged mastermind of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks; Zayn Abidin Muhammed Hussein Abu Zubaida, a senior al-Qaeda member and Osama bin Laden associate captured in Pakistan in March 2002; and a third detainee who has not been publicly identified.

Abu Zubaida, the first of the "high-value" detainees in CIA custody, was subjected to harsh interrogation methods beginning in spring 2002 after he refused to cooperate with questioners, the officials said. CIA briefers gave the four intelligence committee members limited information about Abu Zubaida's detention in spring 2002, but offered a more detailed account of its interrogation practices in September of that year, said officials with direct knowledge of the briefings.

The CIA provided another briefing the following month, and then about 28 additional briefings over five years, said three U.S. officials with firsthand knowledge of the meetings. During these sessions, the agency provided information about the techniques it was using as well as the information it collected.

Lawmakers have varied recollections about the topics covered in the briefings.

Graham said he has no memory of ever being told about waterboarding or other harsh tactics. Graham left the Senate intelligence committee in January 2003, and was replaced by Rockefeller.

"Personally, I was unaware of it, so I couldn't object,"
Graham said in an interview. He said he now believes the techniques constituted torture and were illegal.

Pelosi declined to comment directly on her reaction to the classified briefings. But a congressional source familiar with Pelosi's position on the matter said the California lawmaker did recall discussions about enhanced interrogation. The source said Pelosi recalls that techniques described by the CIA were still in the planning stage -- they had been designed and cleared with agency lawyers but not yet put in practice -- and acknowledged that Pelosi did not raise objections at the time.

Harman, who replaced Pelosi as the committee's top Democrat in January 2003, disclosed Friday that she filed a classified letter to the CIA in February of that year as an official protest about the interrogation program. Harman said she had been prevented from publicly discussing the letter or the CIA's program because of strict rules of secrecy.

"When you serve on intelligence committee you sign a second oath -- one of secrecy,"
she said.
"I was briefed, but the information was closely held to just the Gang of Four. I was not free to disclose anything."

Roberts declined to comment on his participation in the briefings. Rockefeller also declined to talk about the briefings, but the West Virginia Democrat's public statements show him leading the push in 2005 for expanded congressional oversight and an investigation of CIA interrogation practices.
"I proposed without success, both in committee and on the Senate floor, that the committee undertake an investigation of the CIA's detention and interrogation activities,"
Rockefeller said in a statement Friday.

Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.), a former Vietnam War prisoner who is seeking the GOP presidential nomination, took an early interest in the program even though he was not a member of the intelligence committee, and spoke out against waterboarding in private conversations with White House officials in late 2005 before denouncing it publicly.

In May 2007, four months after Democrats regained control of Congress and well after the CIA had forsworn further waterboarding, four senators submitted written objections to the CIA's use of that tactic and other, still unspecified "enhanced" techniques in two classified letters to Hayden last spring, shortly after receiving a classified hearing on the topic. One letter was sent on May 1 by Sen. Russell Feingold (D-Wis.). A similar letter was sent May 10 by a bipartisan group of three senators: Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), Chuck Hagel (R-Neb.) and Ron Wyden (D-Ore.).

In a rare public statement last month that broached the subject of his classified objections, Feingold complained about administration claims of congressional support, saying that it was "not the case" that lawmakers briefed on the CIA's program "have approved it or consented to it."

Staff writers Josh White and Walter Pincus and staff researcher Julie Tate contributed to this report.


ShareThis