TOPIC: World Rice Shortage Bites
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From Cairo to New Delhi to Shanghai, the run on rice is threatening to
disrupt worldwide food supplies as much as the scarcity of confidence on
Wall Street earlier this year roiled credit markets.
China, Egypt, Vietnam and India, representing more than a third of global
rice exports, curbed sales this year, and Indonesia says it may do the same.
Investigators in the Philippines, the world's biggest importer, raided
warehouses last month to crack down on hoarding. The World Bank in
Washington says 33 nations from Mexico to Yemen may face ''social unrest''
after food and energy costs increased for six straight years.
Rice, the staple food for half the world, rose to a record $US20.50 per 100
pounds in Chicago on April 4, double the price a year ago and a fivefold
increase from 2001. It may reach $US22 by November, said Dennis DeLaughter,
owner of Progressive Farm Marketing in Edna, Texas.
''Rice will gain substantially over the next two years,'' said Roland
Jansen, chief executive officer of Pfaffikon, Switzerland-based Mother Earth
Investments, which holds 4% of its $US100 million funds in the grain.
Governments will likely maintain curbs on exports ''because those countries
want to be able to continue to feed their own populations,'' he said.
The upheaval parallels turmoil in global capital markets that seized up nine
months ago when subprime mortgages collapsed. The difference between what it
costs the US government to borrow and the rate banks charge each other for
three month loans ended last week at 1.36 percentage points. A year ago the
gap was 0.33 percentage point.
Export Curbs
Rice growing nations are driving up prices for producers that want to sell
abroad. The Vietnam Food Association said April 2 it asked members to stop
signing export contracts through June, following China, which imposed a 5%
tax on exports as of January 1. Egypt banned rice shipments through October.
Prices ''are not coming back to the levels we came from,'' said Mamadou
Ciss, head of Singapore-based rice broker Hermes Investments. Vietnam's 5%
broken-grain rice may be 40% higher within three months, he said.
Record grain prices are stoking inflation. Wholesale costs in India rose 7%
in the week ended March 22, the fastest pace in more than three years,
underscoring the threat from rising food costs, the Ministry of Commerce and
Industry in New Delhi said April 4.
The increase may boost profits for suppliers. Padiberas Nasional rose the
most in seven years in Kuala Lumpur stock exchange trading last week. The
company is Malaysia's only licensed rice supplier.
Commodity Rally
Goldman Sachs forecasts that all agricultural commodities it covers will
rise during the next six months, except for sugar. Global demand for cereals
will expand 2.6% this year, 1.6 percentage points above the 10-year average,
according to the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome.
The UBS Bloomberg Constant Maturity Commodity Index of 26 raw materials
gained for six consecutive years and advanced 15% this year.
''We have some very serious problems developing globally for food and
energy,'' said Greg Smith, executive director of Global Commodities in
Adelaide, which manages $US350 million.
World rice stockpiles are at their lowest levels since the 1980s, and the
United Nations forecasts that exports will drop 3.5% this year.
Demand will increase 0.6% this year to 422.5 million tons, while production
will rise about 1% to 422.9 million tons, the U.S. Department of Agriculture
said March 11.
Grains Revolution
Rice yields globally expanded more than 40% from 1980 to 2000, according to
data compiled by the USDA. They've increased only about 5% since then, the
data show. Stockpiles will fall to 75.2 million tons, about half of where
they were at the start of the decade, the USDA said.
''There's been no new technology revolution for the rice seed since the
grains revolution in the 1970s,'' said Mehdi Chaouky, a London-based
agricultural analyst with Diapason Commodities Management, which oversees
$US8 billion.
Some analysts say buyers in Thailand and Vietnam are hoarding grain and may
release it in coming weeks, causing prices to drop. Another risk for
speculators is that the increase will lead farmers to grow more crops. Wheat
rose to a record $US13.495 a bushel in February before dropping as much as
34% in the next five weeks, partly on expectations for more planting.
Curbing Exports
''There are lessons to be learned from what happened in the wheat market,''
said Darren Cooper, a senior economist with the International Grains Council
in London. ''The market will adjust, and moving forward we will see some
restrictions on demand.''
For now, governments are limiting exports to ensure they have enough food at
home. Vietnam, the third-biggest rice exporter after Thailand and India,
will reduce shipments 11% this year to 4 million tons, Prime Minister Nguyen
Tan Dung said March 30.
''Bread is losing its place as the main staple food and rice is replacing
it, and this created the problem,'' Ali Sharaf Eldin, chairman of Egypt's
Chamber of Grains, said in an April 1 interview.
Investigators in Manila caught profiteers last month who were repackaging
20,000 fifty-kilogram bags of rice from subsidized government supplies for
sale as higher-grade grain, according to Ric Diaz, an official at the
National Bureau of Investigation.
'Social Tension'
The Philippines' state-run National Food Authority allows suppliers to sell
at a subsidized price of 18.50 pesos (44.23 US cents) per kilogram in
low-income areas. People in the warehouse north of Manila were preparing to
market the rice as a variety that sells for at least 35 pesos, Diaz said in
a March 31 interview.
Drought is hurting plantings in China, where an estimated 19.4 million
hectares (48 million acres) of arable land had been affected by March 26,
according to Xinhua, the state news agency. Consumer prices in China, the
world's fastest-growing economy, soared 8.7% in February, the most in 11
years.
''A constant price rise of rice can't be viewed as sustainable,'' said Abah
Ofon, a commodities analyst with Standard Chartered in Dubai. ''As with any
staple commodity, there's a risk of social tension when prices begin to
rise.''
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