Showing posts with label Oceans. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Oceans. Show all posts

March 09, 2008

NYT screws up again on Oceans at Risk this time

Much of the pollution is done by the US DoD!

These are international crimes against humanity.

But the New York Times, as per usual, keeps its mouth shut on that.

Makes me sick, livid, sad and pray that they FINALLY See the light. Here's a word for you guyz at the NYT: TransnationalISM, transglobalISM; learn it, use it.

QUIT HUNTING WHALES!! Get active!! Impeach these BASTARDS!!

Veeger

Editorial

Oceans at Risk


There is no shortage of scientific studies documenting the degradation of the world’s oceans, the decline of marine ecosystems and the collapse of important fish species. Several have appeared in the last month. What is in short supply is a sustained effort by world governments and other institutions to do something about it.

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Last month, a team of American, British and Canadian researchers concluded that not a single square foot of ocean had been left untouched by modern society, and that humans had fouled 41 percent of the seas with polluted runoff, overfishing and other abuses.

A narrower but no less scary study from the University of Oregon found that a dead zone off the Oregon coast had spread south to California and north to Washington and devastated marine life in one of the world’s most productive fisheries. The culprit is believed to be global warming, which has changed the interaction between wind and sea in ways that rob the fish of oxygen.

A third study is the latest legislative report card from the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, established to push Congress and the administration to do a better job of protecting America’s waters and to play a more active role globally. Washington policy makers get no grade higher than a “C” in any category, ranging from financing for scientific research to fisheries management.

The United States has to do better but so, too, must the rest of the world. A case can be made that the United States has been more sensitive to ocean issues than other major fishing nations, including Japan and the maritime members of the European Union. The problems are global and so, in the end, are the solutions.

The United Nations could do far more. Successful in banning huge drift nets, it has made few inroads on bottom trawling, a ruthless form of industrial fishing. And it has gone nowhere in its effort to persuade Japan and the European Union to stop their assault on the world’s shark populations, which have been decimated beyond belief. The World Trade Organization could also usefully limit the huge government subsidies that allow most of the world’s industrial fleets to stay afloat.

Last year, President Bush, who is weak on many environmental issues, created one of the largest protected marine reserves in the world — 138,000 square miles of largely unspoiled reefs and shoals near Hawaii. He should replicate that achievement elsewhere in American waters and persuade other leaders to do the same.

And he must keep the pressure on Congress to approve, finally, the Law of the Sea. Without that approval, the United States will have no voice when decisions are made about rights of passage, exploring the ocean floor and fishing. The United States should have that voice, and the rest of the world needs to hear it.


June 12, 2007



Captain Plastic on the Trail of Trash

The Satya Interview with Charles Moore

Ten years ago, after participating in a sailing competition, Captain Charles Moore took a shortcut through the Pacific Ocean on his way home from Australia and found himself sailing through a giant gyre full of plastic debris. Dubbed the “eastern garbage patch,” it is a swath of ocean where currents draw debris from around the world into a giant swirl of trash.

To raise awareness about the pollution of our oceans, Captain Charles Moore founded the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, a nonprofit organization based in Long Beach, California. One of their primary projects is to create a baseline of data on the plastic content in the ocean to document the rate of change. Moore makes regular research trips through the North Pacific gyre and in 2002 was startled to discover a six-to-one plastic to plankton ratio in the eastern garbage patch: six pieces of plastic to every piece of zooplankton. This past November he was alarmed even more, finding that 600 miles outside the center of the garbage patch, ocean water samples contained a three-to-one plastic to plankton ratio.

It is hard to understand what the full effect the plasticization of the ocean has on marine life. Sea birds often mistake floating pieces of plastic for fish or eggs, and regurgitate this to their offspring as food. Baby Laysan albatross of Midway Atoll are literally starving to death. Their carcasses litter the beaches, stomachs bursting with plastic bottle caps, cigarette lighters and other recognizable plastic debris. Jellyfish, which thrive on plankton, ingest tiny bits of plastic along with their food.

Catherine Clyne caught up with Captain Charles Moore to learn about the plasticization of the oceans.

You’re noted for discovering what is known as the eastern garbage patch in the North Pacific gyre. What is the gyre and how does the trash get there?
[The gyre is] actually the largest surface feature on the planet, over millions of square miles—a continent the size of Africa would fit easily in that area. High pressure created by the warm atmosphere at the equator creates this huge mountain of air over the North Pacific Ocean. This mountain of air circulates, sort of brushing against the Asian and occidental coasts of the Pacific rim and creates a kind of toilet bowl effect, where garbage gradually circulates into the center. Since plastic is bioinert, it does not biodegrade. It lasts forever, breaking into smaller and smaller particles and gathers in the center of this gyre.

Obviously at some point, stuff migrating from the edge to the center [has been] just about everywhere in the whole [ocean]. We haven’t yet had a plastic-free sample from anywhere in the Pacific Ocean.

Anywhere in the Pacific, not including the garbage patch?
Yeah. As far away from the garbage patch as you can get, there is still plastic in the ocean. The plastic to plankton ratio is skyrocketing. I had the shock of my life this past November when I sailed 600 miles away from the center of the garbage patch and found levels as high as I’d encountered [in the garbage patch] six years before. There were floating toothbrushes, hardhats, toolboxes, big stuff we didn’t see outside the garbage patch before. Pollution is such that it goes up by a factor of ten every two or three years. At this rate we’re seeing the fouling of the ocean happening at an absolutely alarming rate—much faster than global warming—and the garbage patch is increasing in size.

Wow. How large is the garbage patch? I’ve heard people say it’s about twice the size of Texas. Is that accurate?
It’s expanding so quickly, the exact dimensions are totally unknown. To say how big it is—it’s already gotten bigger.

It’s also considered the largest garbage dump in the world. I’ve tried looking around online, can you see the garbage patch from satellite images?
No. See, most of this garbage is salt-shaker stuff, the breakdown of plastic products. When we trawl a net, we get a kaleidoscope of different colored little plastic particles, mostly whites and blues. We think the reds are taken by birds and fish because they look like shrimp. And inside the garbage patch we’ve found over six times as much plastic as plankton. While outside it’s over three times as much plastic as plankton. So if you’re a fish trying to choose whether something is food or not, you can easily be confused. Gelatinous plankton feeders are heavily impacted by this. Then they’re eaten by fish, birds and turtles and so it accumulates up the food chain. And [the plastic particles are not] just indigestible, they are also a sponge for toxics, so it’s like poison pills being ingested.

Animals ranging from jellyfish to humpback whales are eating this plastic plankton, right?
Yeah. Our research keeps looking smaller and smaller. It’s hard for us to analyze things we can’t see, but we know there are microscopic molecules of plastic that may be entering the food web and that’s quite alarming. Dr. Curtis Ebbesmeyer [founder of Beachcombers Alert] has proposed the thesis that all the food in the ocean contains plastic. That’s the alarming possibility.

Is there any research on how the plastic content in different creatures is affecting their longevity and reproduction?
Certainly we know a lot about the Laysan albatross on [Midway Atoll]. When you’ve got 200,000 chicks dying every year with stomachs full of plastic, we know that reproductive efficiency is going down.

How did sailing through the garbage patch the first time change your life?

I’ve always been a water person. I sort of call myself a marine mammal. I grew up swimming, diving, surfing, sailing, living across the street from the bay. I swam across the bay all the time. Then we started having beach closures and people hesitated going in the water. I stopped swimming in front of my own house. This bothered me, that my environment was deteriorating to the point where I couldn’t use it. It was like my birthright being taken away from me.

Also, my family was always interested in refuse. My dad used to row around the bay every day and made a proposal to the city to let him have the job retrieving debris. And when we’d go on vacations, we’d visit the dump and look at things people were throwing away. When I started seeing all this refuse in the ocean, it bothered me.

Before I even went through the garbage patch, I came up with the concept that trash has become the most common surface feature on the ocean. Going whale watching, you may see whales but you’re almost guaranteed to see trash.

Let’s talk a little about where all this plastic is coming from.
Well, we have a pretty good handle on where it’s coming from. We got a half a million dollar grant from the state of California to find out. We strung nets across the LA and San Gabriel rivers and collected the debris coming down and then codified them. Over the three days we sampled, we found 2.3 billion pieces of plastic. Of that, two billion pieces were less than five millimeters in diameter.

On the West Coast we have what’s called a “total maximum daily load” for trash in a couple of our rivers. The water board regulates trash and is requiring cities and municipalities to reduce trash 10 percent for 10 years and get down to zero. But only stuff caught by a five-millimeter screen is defined as trash and what’s able to pass through is not. We found that 87 percent of what’s going down the river and into the ocean is less than five millimeters in diameter. We are concerned that the stuff harming the food web is not even being regulated as trash.

Who is responsible for all this plastic?
While there’s a lot of fishing boats losing nets—ghost nets—and dumping from ships, that’s only about 20 percent of the problem. Humans on land are 80 percent of the problem.

How much of that 80 percent is industry and how much of that is, as your river study indicates, rained out municipal waste?
Ten percent is industry—236 million of those two billion particles were preproduction plastic pellets from the plastic industry, called “nurdles.” That’s reflective of what we see worldwide. A study of the remote beaches on the Hawaiian islands, where there’s no plastic processing going on and no raw material, found 10 percent of all of the fragments picked up by weight were plastic pellets.

So you’re saying of the 80 percent of plastic waste in the oceans that is coming from land, only 10 percent of that is industry and the rest is just household or municipal waste?
Yeah.

Wow… So, what can people do to change things?
A lot of things need to happen. Cars need to have disposal units in them because people dump all their fast food trash out the widow. People are living and consuming in their cars, and there’s no infrastructure to deal with it. This is reflected throughout society: we have no plan, there’s no end game for plastic trash. There’s no take-back infrastructure. Recycling is less than five percent. Ironically, we’ve created a throw away society and we’ve created a product that doesn’t break down to go along with it. Look at bottle caps: they are polypropylene, which we don’t recycle. That’s why so many birds are eating bottle caps, they really need to be attached to the bottle like the pop top had to be on aluminum cans.

You’ve said in interviews that you believe the way to create effective change is to stop plastics at their source, rather than after-the-fact beach cleanups. What sort of progress has been made at the source?
What really needs to be done is to kick-start a bottle bill for everything. Everything needs to have a value. If these recyclables we’re putting in our recycling bin are truly recyclable, they should have a value that translates back to the person giving that material to the recycling infrastructure.

Everyone realizes we’re near the end of the age of extraction. You know, the idea that we’re going to go to Mars and the moon to get our raw materials is crazy. So when we run out on Earth, we’re going to just plain run out. And if it’s all in a landfill, we’re going to start mining our landfills. In fact, being as stupid as we are as humans, we’re probably going to end up mining landfills rather than create a recycling infrastructure.

It seems most people become outraged by large oil spills, why aren’t they more aware of the larger plastic and trash problem?
The thing about an oil spill is it will biodegrade after a certain amount of time. It is made from plant material and it will turn back into plant material. Dr. Ebbesmeyer says, on a scale from one to ten, an oil spill is a two and a spill of plastic debris is a nine. So the danger is really reversed. But our species is programmed for immediate threats. We want to see what the saber-toothed tiger is doing lurking around the corner, we don’t want to know what a plastic bottle is doing 500 years from now.

To learn more about Captain Moore’s work and the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, visit www.algalita.org. For more on what you can do about the plastic problem, see www.plasticsareforever.org.


May 31, 2007

I have nightmares about this ...


May 29, 2007 at 17:08:44





A dead Ocean bird from a dying Pacific Ocean garbage patch that is growing and is now twice the size of Texas ~ and could well be contaminating our food chain : Allen L Roland

This is a must read story for it has dire implications for all human beings and especially mothers and newborn infants.

This story is a wake up call to the world that we must help and cooperate with one another, especially pursuant to polluting our oceans, if we are to survive as a human species.

Next time you look out at this beautiful Pacific ocean, as I often do, realize that there is a garbage patch of discarded plastic twice the size of Texas a few hundred miles away and its growing !
Then we add this stunning announcement last week from The Center for American Progress ~ which should not be a surprise.

ENVIRONMENT / POLLUTERS FLOURISH UNDER THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION:


"Environmental enforcement efforts by the U.S. EPA and the Justice Department have plummeted over the last five years, resulting in a
38 percent decline in criminal fines and a 25 percent drop in civil penalties, according to a new report from the nonprofit Environmental Integrity Project (EIP)."

Susan Casey and photographer Gregg Segal will lead you on this journey through a man made hell.

Our oceans are turning into plastic...are we?

By Susan Casey, Photographs by Gregg Segal May 11, 2007 - 11:45:03 PM

A vast swath of the Pacific, twice the size of Texas, is full of a plastic stew that is entering the food chain. Scientists say these toxins are causing obesity, infertility...and worse.

To Captain Charles Moore

Fate can take strange forms, and so perhaps it does not seem unusual that Captain Charles Moore found his life’s purpose in a nightmare.

Unfortunately, he was awake at the time, and 800 miles north of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.
It happened on August 3, 1997, a lovely day, at least in the beginning: Sunny. Little wind. Water the color of sapphires. Moore and the crew of Alguita, his 50-foot aluminum-hulled catamaran, sliced through the sea.

Returning to Southern California from Hawaii after a sailing race, Moore had altered Alguita’s course, veering slightly north. He had the time and the curiosity to try a new route, one that would lead the vessel through the eastern corner of a 10-million-square-mile oval known as the North Pacific subtropical gyre. This was an odd stretch of ocean, a place most boats purposely avoided. For one thing, it was becalmed. "The doldrums," sailors called it, and they steered clear. So did the ocean’s top predators: the tuna, sharks, and other large fish that required livelier waters, flush with prey. The gyre was more like a desert—a slow, deep, clockwise-swirling vortex of air and water caused by a mountain of high-pressure air that lingered above it.

The area’s reputation didn’t deter Moore. He had grown up in Long Beach, 40 miles south of L.A., with the Pacific literally in his front yard, and he possessed an impressive aquatic résumé: deckhand, able seaman, sailor, scuba diver, surfer, and finally captain.

Moore had spent countless hours in the ocean, fascinated by its vast trove of secrets and terrors.
He’d seen a lot of things out there, things that were glorious and grand; things that were ferocious and humbling. But he had never seen anything nearly as chilling as what lay ahead of him in the gyre.

It began with a line of plastic bags ghosting the surface, followed by an ugly tangle of junk: nets and ropes and bottles, motor-oil jugs and cracked bath toys, a mangled tarp. Tires. A traffic cone. Moore could not believe his eyes. Out here in this desolate place, the water was a stew of plastic crap. It was as though someone had taken the pristine seascape of his youth and swapped it for a landfill.

How did all the plastic end up here? How did this trash tsunami begin? What did it mean? If the questions seemed overwhelming, Moore would soon learn that the answers were even more so, and that his discovery had dire implications for human—and planetary—health. As Alguita glided through the area that scientists now refer to as the "Eastern Garbage Patch," Moore realized that the trail of plastic went on for hundreds of miles. Depressed and stunned, he sailed for a week through bobbing, toxic debris trapped in a purgatory of circling currents. To his horror, he had stumbled across the 21st-century Leviathan. It had no head, no tail. Just an endless body.
"Everybody’s plastic, but I love plastic. I want to be plastic." This Andy Warhol quote is emblazoned on a six-foot-long magenta and yellow banner that hangs—with extreme irony—in the solar-powered workshop in Moore’s Long Beach home. The workshop is surrounded by a crazy Eden of trees, bushes, flowers, fruits, and vegetables, ranging from the prosaic (tomatoes) to the exotic (cherimoyas, guavas, chocolate persimmons, white figs the size of baseballs). This is the house in which Moore, 59, was raised, and it has a kind of open-air earthiness that reflects his ’60s-activist roots, which included a stint in a Berkeley commune.

Composting and organic gardening are serious business here—you can practically smell the humus—but there is also a kidney-shaped hot tub surrounded by palm trees. Two wet suits hang drying on a clothesline above it.

This afternoon, Moore strides the grounds. "How about a nice, fresh boysenberry?" he asks, and plucks one off a bush. He’s a striking man wearing no-nonsense black trousers and a shirt with official-looking epaulettes. A thick brush of salt-and-pepper hair frames his intense blue eyes and serious face. But the first thing you notice about Moore is his voice, a deep, bemused drawl that becomes animated and sardonic when the subject turns to plastic pollution. This problem is Moore’s calling, a passion he inherited from his father, an industrial chemist who studied waste management as a hobby. On family vacations, Moore recalls, part of the agenda would be to see what the locals threw out. "We could be in paradise, but we would go to the dump," he says with a shrug. "That’s what we wanted to see."

Since his first encounter with the Garbage Patch nine years ago, Moore has been on a mission to learn exactly what’s going on out there. Leaving behind a 25-year career running a furniture-restoration business, he has created the Algalita Marine Research Foundation to spread the word of his findings. He has resumed his science studies, which he’d set aside when his attention swerved from pursuing a university degree to protesting the Vietnam War. His tireless effort has placed him on the front lines of this new, more abstract battle. After enlisting scientists such as Steven B. Weisberg, Ph.D. (executive director of the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project and an expert in marine environmental monitoring), to develop methods for analyzing the gyre’s contents, Moore has sailed Alguita back to the Garbage Patch several times.

On each trip, the volume of plastic has grown alarmingly. The area in which it accumulates is now twice the size of Texas.

At the same time, all over the globe, there are signs that plastic pollution is doing more than blighting the scenery; it is also making its way into the food chain. Some of the most obvious victims are the dead seabirds that have been washing ashore in startling numbers, their bodies packed with plastic: things like bottle caps, cigarette lighters, tampon applicators, and colored scraps that, to a foraging bird, resemble baitfish. (One animal dissected by Dutch researchers contained 1,603 pieces of plastic.) And the birds aren’t alone. All sea creatures are threatened by floating plastic, from whales down to zooplankton.

There’s a basic moral horror in seeing the pictures: a sea turtle with a plastic band strangling its shell into an hourglass shape; a humpback towing plastic nets that cut into its flesh and make it impossible for the animal to hunt. More than a million seabirds, 100,000 marine mammals, and countless fish die in the North Pacific each year, either from mistakenly eating this junk or from being ensnared in it and drowning.

Bad enough. But Moore soon learned that the big, tentacled balls of trash were only the most visible signs of the problem; others were far less obvious, and far more evil. Dragging a fine-meshed net known as a manta trawl, he discovered minuscule pieces of plastic, some barely visible to the eye, swirling like fish food throughout the water. He and his researchers parsed, measured, and sorted their samples and arrived at the following conclusion: By weight, this swath of sea contains six times as much plastic as it does plankton.

This statistic is grim—for marine animals, of course, but even more so for humans. The more invisible and ubiquitous the pollution, the more likely it will end up inside us. And there’s growing—and disturbing—proof that we’re ingesting plastic toxins constantly, and that even slight doses of these substances can severely disrupt gene activity. "Every one of us has this huge body burden," Moore says. "You could take your serum to a lab now, and they’d find at least 100 industrial chemicals that weren’t around in 1950." The fact that these toxins don’t cause violent and immediate reactions does not mean they’re benign:

Scientists are just beginning to research the long-term ways in which the chemicals used to make plastic interact with our own biochemistry.

Plastic never really goes away ~ discover why and what are its effects on humans ~ here's a short trailer before you read on .

Each of us tosses about 185 pounds of plastic per year. We could certainly reduce that. And yet—do our products have to be quite so lethal? Must a discarded flip-flop remain with us until the end of time? Aren’t disposable razors and foam packing peanuts a poor consolation prize for the destruction of the world’s oceans, not to mention our own bodies and the health of future generations? “If ‘more is better’ and that’s the only mantra we have, we’re doomed,” Moore says, summing it up

Oceanographer Curtis Ebbesmeyer, Ph.D., an expert on marine debris, agrees. “If you could fast-forward 10,000 years and do an archaeological dig…you’d find a little line of plastic,” he told The Seattle Times last April. “What happened to those people? Well, they ate their own plastic and disrupted their genetic structure and weren’t able to reproduce. They didn’t last very long because they killed themselves."


OpEd
News
columnist Allen L Roland is available for comments , interviews and speaking engagements ( allen@allenroland.com )

Take action -- click here to contact your local newspaper or congress people:

SAVE THE OCEANS

Allen L Roland is a practicing psychotherapist, author and lecturer who also shares a daily political and social commentary on his weblog and website allenroland.com He also guest hosts a monthly national radio show TRUTHTALK on Conscious talk radio www.conscioustalk.net

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